Wednesday, January 24, 2007

APRENDER A PENSAR

Por David Owen. Extracto de "LIFE" (Oct. 1990), de Nueva York
Disponible en http://www.geocities.com/fdomauricio/aprender_a_pensar.htm?200722

El señor Whitson nos enseñaba ciencias naturales en sexto año de primaria. El primer día de clases, su exposición trató de una criatura llamada Gatiguampo, animal nocturno y mal adaptado al medio biológico, que se extinguió en la Era de las Glaciaciones. El maestro hizo pasar un cráneo de mano en mano, mientras explicaba el tema. Todos tomamos notas y más tarde, contestamos un cuestionario sobre esa lección.

Cuando me devolvió mi prueba quedé boquiabierto: una enorme equis roja tachaba cada una de mis respuestas. ¡Estaba reprobado! ¡Debía de haber algún error! Había repetido al pie de la letra las palabras del maestro. Luego supe que toda la clase había sido reprobada. ¿Qué había ocurrido?

Muy sencillo, nos explicó el señor Whitson. Él había inventado ese cuento del Gatiguampo. Jamás había existido tal especie. Por tanto, cada uno de los datos de nuestras notas era incorrecto. ¿Acaso queríamos que nos aprobara por contestar falsedades? Huelga decir que nos pusimos furiosos. ¿Qué clase de prueba era esa? ¿Y qué clase de maestro era ese?

Teníamos que habérnoslo imaginado, prosiguió el señor Whitson. En efecto: mientras circulaba entre nosotros el cráneo (que era de gato), ¿acaso no nos había dicho que no había quedado ningún vestigio del animal? Había hablado también de su asombrosa visión nocturna, del color de su piel y de otras muchas características de las que él no podría haberse enterado. Para colmo, le había puesto un nombre ridículo, y ni así habíamos maliciado la artimaña. Nos informó que anotaría los ceros de nuestras pruebas en las actas de exámenes oficiales.

El señor Whitson agregó que esperaba que hubiéramos aprendido algo de esa experiencia: los maestros y los libros de texto no son infalibles. Y nadie lo es. Nos recomendó no permitir que nuestras mentes se adormecieran y tener siempre el valor de expresar nuestra inconformidad cuando el maestro o el libro de texto nos parecieran errados.

Cada lección del señor Whitson constituía una aventura. Todavía hoy recuerdo, casi de principio a fin, algunas de sus disertaciones. Un día nos dijo que su Volkswagen era un organismo viviente. Tardamos dos días en armar una refutación que le pareciera aceptable. No se dio por satisfecho hasta que le demostramos no sólo que sabíamos lo que era un organismo viviente, sino también que teníamos la entereza de defender la verdad.

Aplicamos nuestro nuevo escepticismo a todas las materias de enseñanza. Esto ocasionó problemas al los demás maestros quienes no estaban acostumbrados a que los contradijeran. Nuestro maestro de historia, por ejemplo, disertaba sobre cualquier tema y, de pronto, se oían carraspeos y alguien susurraba: "Gatiguampo".

No he realizado ningún gran descubrimiento científico, pero las lecciones del señor Whitson nos infundieron a mí y a mis compañeros algo igualmente importante: el valor civil de mirar a las personas a la cara y decirles que están en el error. También nos enseñó que esta actitud puede ser divertida.

No todo el mundo le concede valor. En una ocasión le conté a un profesor de enseñanza primaria lo que hacía el señor Whitson. Aquel hombre se escandalizó. "No debió burlarse de ustedes así", comentó. Lo miré a la cara y le dije que estaba equivocado.

6 Comments:

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