Sunday, March 22, 2009

Profesionales no pedagogos en colegios: ¿Pastelero a tus pasteles?


Uno de los puntos más controvertidos en la nueva LGE es el artículo que permite a profesionales de carreras distintas a las pedagogías hacer clases en colegios. Como era de esperarse, los profesores han rechazado de plano la idea, en lo que ellos asumen como una defensa de la “profesión” docente, y otros denominan una defensa del “gremio” docente.

Soy ingeniero civil electrónico y me dedico a la docencia de física en diferentes universidades, y en mis diversos cursos me he podido dar cuenta de la mala formación con la que llegan muchos de mis alumnos. Una de las grandes causas, al menos en lo que respecta a física, es la escasez los profesores de buen nivel. Lamentablemente, hay pocos profesores de física (en muchos colegios se improvisan profesores de matemáticas, ciencias naturales y hasta biología para cubrir el puesto), muchos de ellos apenas dominan las materias y, para más remate, carecen de motivación y vocación. Muchos entraron a pedagogía porque no les dio el puntaje en la PSU para derecho, medicina o ingeniería. Esto, sumado a los bajos sueldos, malas condiciones de trabajo, pérdida de autoridad, alumnos insolentes que han llegado incluso a la violencia contra sus docentes, etc, hace que resulte imposible tener a “la mejor gente” en pedagogía. Resulta obvio pensar que, si los “pedagogos” hacen tan mal la pega, ¿por qué no darles la oportunidad a otros profesionales que tienen mejor manejo de contenidos, y que además les pueden mostrar con vivencias personales a los alumnos que lo que están aprendiendo les va a servir en el futuro?

Mis pocos años de experiencia docente me han dejado algunas enseñanzas:

  • Existe de todo en la Viña del Señor. Pedagogos buenos e inspiradores y otros que sabrán mucho de pedagogía pero que son un desastre a la hora de pararse frente a los alumnos.malos. Ser profesor es, ante todo, algo que se aprende en la práctica. La teoría pedagógica es importante, pero uno “se hace” profesor interactuando alumnos. Hay algunos profesionales a los cuales la docencia le sale natural, y son capaces de hacer buenas clases y de lograr que sus alumnos aprendan y se inspiren en él.. Creo que a esa gente no se le puede cerrar la puerta de los colegios, más aún si lo hacen con amor y vocación.
  • Sin perjucio de lo anterior, una cosa es ser buen profesional o buen investigador, y otra muy diferente es ser buen docente. Los títulos profesionales, los posgrados, un Premio Nobel, etc no garantizan nada en cuanto a la calidad de la docencia. Las universidades están llenas de académicos con magísteres y doctorados que son eminencias en sus especialidades, pero que como docentes dejan mucho que desear. Los posgrados garantizan que la persona tiene mucho conocimiento en una especialidad y que es capaz de generar nuevo conocimiento, pero no garantiza nada respecto a su capacidad de transmitirlo.
  • Ser profesor es mucho más que hacer clases y entregar conocimientos de manera ordenada (un buen libro puede cumplir perfectamente esa función). Ser profesor implica también orientar a los alumnos, escucharlos, motivarlos, encontrar el modo adecuado de explicar un concepto, tener paciencia con los que hacen preguntas “obvias”, etc. Se requieren muchas herramientas adicionales al manejo de los contenidos.

Me parece que para Ciclo Básico, donde la parte formativa es fundamental y donde no existe una orientación clara hacia lo profesional, debieran mantenerse la preeminencia de pedagogos de buena calidad. Sin embargo, para la Educación Media (en especial la técnico profesional) creo que la presencia de profesionales podría ser una gran ayuda, en especial en áreas como la física donde escasean los profesores competentes. Lo que sí, exigiría que estos profesionales acreditaran alguna capacitación en pedagogía, idealmente diplomado o master.

Es evidente que esto de los profesionales no docentes en colegios no pasa de ser un “parche” para los problemas de la educación. Creo que la verdadera solución pasa por darle a la profesión docente el status económico y social que merece y que tiene en los países más desarrollados. Tal como plantea el movimiento Educación 2020, un profesor debiera ganar lo mismo que un médico, un ingeniero o un abogado, y darle la respetabilidad que se merece. Así, tendríamos a la mejor gente de cada generación interesada en esta profesión. Sólo así –creo yo- podemos aspirar a la ansiada mejoría en la calidad de nuestra educación, porque tal como vamos, Chile corre el gran riesgo de quedarse atrás en la carrera hacia el desarrollo.

14 Comments:

At 7:44 AM, Anonymous Anonymous said...

Estimado:

Completamente de acuerdo con tu visión, sin embargo la nueva LGE limita a 4 años (creo) el tiempo máximo en que un profesional no pedagogo (en un sentido curricular) hacer clases por que las personas que irán a hacer clases a colegios serán profesionales de paso, que buscan en esa fuente de trabajo una forma de salir del paso en un mal momento y no como una opción.

Sería notable que un ingeniero con basta experiencia, termine su carrera en un colegio aportando y dando a conocer sus vivencias como un elemento motivacional.

 
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